GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES MARCH TEST AND MEMORANDUM (75 MARKS)

TOPICS: DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MEIOSIS REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AND HUMAN REPRODUCRION

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid):

1. • DNA is the genetic code found in the cells of living organisms, forming a double-helix structure. It carries instructions for development, functioning, and reproduction.

2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid):

   • RNA is a single-stranded molecule that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis, playing a crucial role in cellular processes.

3. Protein Synthesis:

   • Protein synthesis is the cell’s process of building proteins using DNA instructions. It involves transcription to create RNA and translation to form amino acid sequences.

4. Meiosis:

   • Meiosis is the specialized cell division for sexual reproduction, producing four haploid cells with unique genetic information essential for genetic diversity.

5. Reproductive Strategies:

   • Reproductive strategies are diverse approaches organisms use to ensure successful reproduction, encompassing factors like offspring quantity, parental care, and adaptations.

6. Human Reproduction:

   • Human reproduction involves the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) through meiosis, fertilization, and the development of a new organism within the mother’s womb.